Immunotherapy (also called targeted or biologic therapy) helps the body’s immune system find and attack cancer cells. It uses materials either made by the body or in a laboratory to boost, target, or restore immune function. For basal and squamous cell carcinoma, the topical cream imiquimod is an “immune response modifier” that is commonly prescribed. Immunotherapy is also used to treat melanoma, particularly in reducing the risk that the melanoma will recur. The two most common drugs used are interferon alfa-2b and interleukin-2. Immunotherapy may be used in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy, or as part of a clinical trial. Many other targeted drugs are being tested now, including therapeutic vaccines.
Side effects of these treatments vary. They can include fatigue, fever, chills, headache, memory difficulties, muscle aches, and skin irritation. Occasionally, side effects from immunotherapy can include a change in blood pressure or cause increased fluid in the lungs. You should discuss the benefits and risks of each treatment option with your doctor.